2. Me describo
1. Mi personalidad

Before starting the lesson, reflect on the question: ¿Cómo eres? In English, we can translate it as 'how are you?', just like the question '¿Cómo estás?'. So, what is the difference?
SER vs ESTAR
The two TO BE
You already know that in Spanish there are two verbs that mean TO BE: the verb SER, for essential characteristics, and the verb ESTAR for circumstances or moods. The same adjective used with SER or with ESTAR radically changes its meaning.
| SER |
ESTAR
|
|---|---|
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Juan es muy nervioso.
Juan is very nervous (in general).
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Juan está muy nervioso.
Juan is very nervous (now).
|
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María es muy mala.
María is very bad / naughty.
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María está muy mala.
María is very sick / ill.
|
|
Juan es bueno.
Juan is good ( a good person or a skilled person).
|
Juan está bueno.
Juan is hot / sexy (Spanish slang).
|
|
María es lista.
María is clever.
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María está lista.
María is ready.
|
|
Juan es aburrido.
Juan is boring.
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Juan está aburrido.
Juan is bored.
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Los rasgos de nuestro carácter son parte esencial de nuestra identidad; con ellos nos identificamos. Por esta razón, utilizamos el verbo SER para hablar de la personalidad. Aquí tienes una serie de adjetivos para describir el carácter. Observa las formas: muchos tienen una forma distinta para el masculino y femenino. Haz clic en el signo de interrogación para descubrir el significado de las palabras.
Character traits are an essential part of our identity; they identify us. For this reason, we use the verb SER to talk about personality. Here is a list of adjectives to describe character. Notice the forms: many have different forms for masculine and feminine. Click on the question mark to discover the words’ meaning.
Si tuvieras que elegir solo cinco adjetivos para describirte, ¿cuáles serían? Mira el vídeo de Tu Escuela de Español para ampliar tu lista de adjetivos. Si el que necesitas no se encuentra en los ejemplos, búscalo en la web.
If you had to choose only five adjectives to describe yourself, what would they be? Watch the video by Tu Escuela de Español to expand your list of adjectives. If the one you need is not among the examples, look it up on the web.
La concordancia adjetival
Adjectival agreement
You may have noticed that adjectives change their endings depending on the gender and number of the person, object, or concept they describe. However, some adjectives have the same form in both masculine and feminine. Take a look at the examples below.
|
Español
|
Inglés
|
|---|---|
|
Mi padre es cariñoso, hablador, jovial, inteligente y perfeccionista.
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My father is caring, talkative, cheerful, intelligent, and perfectionist.
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Mi madre es cariñosa, habladora, jovial, inteligente y perfeccionista.
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My mother is caring, talkative, cheerful, intelligent, and perfectionist.
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Mis padres son cariñosos, habladores, joviales, inteligentes y perfeccionistas.
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My parents are caring, talkative, cheerful, intelligent, and perfectionist.
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Mis hermanas son cariñosas, habladoras, joviales, inteligentes y perfeccionistas.
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My sisters are caring, talkative, cheerful, intelligent, and perfectionist.
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Hoja de trabajo: Los adjetivos de personalidad y la concordancia
Actividad en clase: ESCRIBE
Class activity: WRITE
Cada alumno escribe su nombre en una hoja y la pasa a su(s) compañero(s). En la hoja de cada compañero(a), escribe uno o más adjetivos que, según tu opinión, lo/la caracterizan. Presta atención al género. Cuando tu hoja regrese a ti, compara los adjetivos con los que habías elegido para ti al principio de la lección. ¿Coincide su percepción con la tuya?
Each student writes their name on a sheet of paper and passes it to their classmate(s). On each classmate’s sheet, write one or more adjectives that, in your opinion, describe them. Pay attention to gender. When your sheet comes back to you, compare the adjectives with the ones you had chosen for yourself at the start of the lesson. Does their perception match yours?
Fíjate en este texto y en los adverbios de intensidad / Take a close look at this text and the adverbs of intensity:
"My name is Carmen, and I am quite a calm and positive person. I am also very cheerful and fun. I think I am generous and a good person. My friend María says I am intelligent but a little lazy. However, according to Juan, I am hardworking."
Los adverbios de intensidad
Intensity adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Unlike adjectives, adverbs are invariable; they do not change their ending. Here are two adverbs and an adverbial phrase that are placed before adjectives to modify their intensity.
|
Español
|
Inglés
|
|---|---|
|
muy
|
very
|
|
bastante
|
quite
|
|
un poco
|
a little / a bit
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Actividad individual: ESCRIBE
Individual activity: WRITE
Ahora escribe un párrafo describiendo tu carácter o personalidad. Utiliza el texto de Carmen como modelo, incorporando adverbios de intensidad y mencionando algunas de las opiniones de tus compañeros.
Now write a paragraph describing your character or personality. Use Carmen's text as a model, incorporating intensity adverbs and mentioning some of your classmates' opinions.